Support for Israel in the Czech Republic has barely moved after more than two years of war in Gaza, according to a new survey of public opinion on the Middle East conflict. About one-third of respondents approve of Israel’s military actions in Gaza, while about 40% disapprove.

The survey, which asked 1,000 people aged over 18 in the Czech Republic about the conflict between 2023 and 2025, found that the biggest group, 41%, could not say who had played a greater historical role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Another 27% said both sides bore roughly equal responsibility. One-quarter of respondents said Israel’s actions were appropriate given the circumstances, while one-quarter said the response was excessive.

The results suggest that public views in the Czech Republic have remained broadly stable since the most recent outbreak of violence began on 7 October 2023, when Hamas attacked Israel and set off the war still under way. The study was organized by the Herzl Center for Israel Studies, based at the Faculty of Social Sciences of Charles University in Prague, with Ipsos handling the survey from 2022 to 2024 and STEM joining in 2025.

Irena Kalhousova said Czechs generally remain sympathetic toward Israel, but younger people are significantly more critical of how Israel has conducted the war in Gaza. The pattern runs through the survey: younger people and women are more likely to voice criticism, while older respondents and men are more supportive. Voters for centre-right parties, especially the Spolu coalition, have long held the most positive views of Israel and Czech-Israeli relations, while supporters of Freedom and Direct Democracy and Stacilo! are more critical or reserved. Among ANO voters, indecision is more common than a firm view.

That matters because the czech republic remains a relatively unusual case in the European Union, where pro-Israeli attitudes still predominate even as many international agencies and NGOs have described Israel’s military actions as disproportionate and excessive. The survey does not point to a sharp political break at home, but it does show a widening generational divide that could matter as the war continues and debate over Israel’s conduct grows more intense.